Defining Security Sector Reform

Before I go too in depth on the issue of Security Sector Reform (SSR) on this blog, it's probably important to try defining the term. That's easier said than done. Security Sector Reform is a rather contemporary idea that arose out of attempts to reform the internal security and defense establishments within post-communist states in Central and Eastern Europe. Even though it lacks a formal definition, most experts agree that it is integral in stabilizing post-conflict states emerging from violent inter-state war or internal turmoil.

Security Sector - Since the fall of the Soviet Union, the security sector has been continually expanded in its width. Security is no longer just about military structures, it encompasses a wide array of issues pertaining to public safety. For the time being, I'm going to define this as government institutions tasked with maintaining the safety of both the people and state. This includes intelligence agencies, police forces, gendarmerie, border officials, and the military. Arguably, there are also de facto institutions tasked with providing for the security of the people and state as well. Paramilitary groups can be useful allies to the state, and serve as a first line of defense for vulnerable communities. Furthermore, if there a divide in the trust between the people and state, pro-government militias can act as an intermediary.

Security Sector Reform - In essence, Security Sector Reform is about ensuring that the security sector is not only capable of protecting the state, but also the people living under it. In most transitioning nations, security forces were previously tasked with ensuring the security of the state. This means that their policies and doctrines will likely reflect hardline approaches that aren't generally concerned with the wellbeing of the people. The police in an authoritarian state typically don't have to worry about getting warrants, respecting the rights of a citizen, or going through with a fair judicial system. The military is more equipped to kill innocents passively resisting the state or implement scorched earth policies than adequately conduct combat operations. Therefore, reforming these policies and creating better relationships between the security sector and people reflect the primary goals of SSR

So that's the definition that I will be using for the time being. If any reader wants to add anything or correct my definition, please feel free to do so in the comment section below!

--Tom